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- Overview
- Symptoms and Causes
- Diagnosis and Tests
- Management and Treatment
- Prevention
- Outlook / Prognosis
- Living With
- Additional Common Questions
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is cancer in your liver. Although it is a life-threatening illness, catching it early can mean successful treatment with surgery or a liver transplant. Other treatments focus on easing your symptoms and helping you to live longer. People at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma should have regular checks for signs of cancer.
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OverviewSymptoms and CausesDiagnosis and TestsManagement and TreatmentPreventionOutlook / PrognosisLiving WithAdditional Common Questions
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What are symptoms of hepatocellular carcinoma?
There are many conditions with the same symptoms as hepatocellular carcinoma. Having one or more of these symptoms doesn’t mean you have hepatocellular carcinoma. But talk to your healthcare provider if you have these symptoms. They’ll identify and treat the condition that caused your symptoms. Potential hepatocellular symptoms include: You’re losing weight without trying. You feel very full after a small meal, or you don’t have much appetite. You’re nauseous and vomiting. You notice a fullness or knot under your ribs on your right side. This might indicate your liver is enlarged. You notice fullness under your ribs on your left side. This might be a sign your spleen is enlarged. You have stomach pain or pain near your right shoulder blade. Your stomach feels swollen, as if it’s filling up with fluid. Your skin itches. Your eyes and skin are turning sallow or yellow. This might be a sign you have jaundice.
What causes hepatocellular carcinoma?
Cirrhosis of the liver is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. Increasingly, healthcare providers are seeing hepatocellular carcinoma cases in people who have non-alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There are other medical conditions and activities that increase your risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B. Hepatitis C. Type 2 diabetes. Smoking. Having obesity. Excessive alcohol consumption. If you have or have had any of these illnesses, talk to your healthcare provider about being screened for hepatocellular cancer. If you smoke, have obesity or drink a lot of alcohol, your provider can help you improve your health and decrease your risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma.
How is hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed?
Healthcare providers will do a medical examination and ask about your medical history, including past illnesses and activities that might increase your risk. They might also do the following tests: X-rays. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrasound. Computed tomography (CT) scan. Angiography. Bone scan. Biopsy. Blood, blood chemistry and blood clotting. Liver function. Kidney function (blood tests to see how well your kidneys remove waste products).
How is hepatocellular carcinoma treated?
There are several ways to treat hepatocellular carcinoma. Your healthcare providers will develop a treatment plan that takes into account your overall health, whether your liver is working well and your tumor’s size. Beyond that, they’ll talk to you about treatment goals, options and potential side effects. They want you to have a complete picture of your situation so you can feel confident about your decisions. Once they’ve shared information, they’ll ask about your personal preferences. Your final treatment plan will reflect your provider’s recommendations and your preferences.
What are the surgical treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma?
The surgical treatments are hepatectomy and liver transplantation. Hepatectomies are usually done when your liver is working well and your tumor is limited to one part of your liver.
What are other treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma?
Other treatments are: Ablation therapy. Your healthcare provider uses a special needle to burn your tumors. Embolization therapy or chemoembolization therapy. Healthcare providers inject chemotherapy drugs into your liver’s main artery, which carries the drugs to your tumor. Then they temporarily block your artery so the drugs stay in your tumor longer. Targeted therapy. This treatment blocks the growth of cancer cells and limits damage to healthy cells by targeting the cancer cells’ genes. Immunotherapy. Radiation therapy. Care at Cleveland Clinic Liver Cancer Treatment Find a Doctor and Specialists Make an Appointment
How can I reduce the risk I’ll develop hepatocellular carcinoma?
Fortunately, there are several ways you can reduce your risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma: Get your hepatitis B vaccination. There isn’t a vaccine for hepatitis C. Talk to your healthcare provider if you think you might have hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Cut back on the amount of alcohol you drink. Maintain a weight that's healthy for you.
Can I have an infection that increases my risk and not realize it?
Having hepatitis C is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. You could have hepatitis C without having symptoms or knowing you’ve been infected. Some activities and medical conditions increase your risk of hepatitis C infection. Talk to your healthcare provider if: You’ve had unprotected sex within the past six months, shared needles for drug use within the past six months or you’ve ever injected drugs. You have HIV. You were or are on long-term hemodialysis. You were born from 1945 through 1965. Most people in the United State who have hepatitis C were born in these years. You had a blood clotting problem before 1987 that was treated with medication. You received a blood transfusion or organ transplant before July 1992. This is when healthcare providers started screening blood and organ donations for hepatitis C.
Can hepatocellular carcinoma be cured?
Researchers continue to search for ways to cure hepatocellular carcinoma. If your condition was diagnosed early on, you might be treated with surgery to remove the tumor. You might have a liver transplant. People whose condition was diagnosed later can still have treatment and support that helps them to live longer and to have a good quality of life.
How do I take care of myself?
It’s very hard to hear you have a life-threatening illness like hepatocellular carcinoma. It is completely normal to feel overwhelmed, anxious and even afraid. Give yourself and your loved ones some time to work through your initial emotions. Share your feelings with your healthcare provider. They’ll have suggestions to help you cope with your cancer diagnosis. Here’s some steps you can take: Keep track of your questions and concerns about your condition and your treatment. Asking questions helps you understand what to expect and what you can do to help yourself. Cancer is stressful. You might find activities such as meditation, relaxation exercises or deep breathing help to ease your stress. Your treatments might affect your appetite. Try to eat a healthy diet, and talk to a nutritionist if you’re having trouble eating. Get plenty of rest. Cancer can be lonely. Sometimes it’s hard talking to loved ones about your condition. Your healthcare provider can direct you to support groups and programs where you can share your thoughts and feelings with people who understand what you’re going through.
When should I see my healthcare provider?
Contact your provider if your existing symptoms get worse, or you notice new symptoms.
When should I go to the emergency room?
Hepatocellular carcinoma can cause unusual or excessive bleeding. Go to the emergency room or seek immediate medical attention if you begin to bleed from bumps and bruises, or from your rectum.
A note from Cleveland Clinic
There isn’t an ideal way to cope with a life-threatening illness like hepatocellular carcinoma. But you can do things to help yourself and your loved ones through this difficult time. To feel more confident about your choices, take time to understand your treatment options and side effects. To feel less anxious, try meditation, deep breathing or gentle exercise. To avoid feeling isolated, share your experience with others going through the same thing — these conversations can help you and might help them.
Medically Reviewed
Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 08/18/2021.
Learn more about our editorial process.
References
EIC Semicon 20HCC Manufacturer. EIC Semicon Package. DO-35. Description. Single 500mW DO-35 Zener Diodes ROHS Pricing (USD) Sales Unit: Piece Full Box ...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive and fatal cancer, comprising 90% of all liver cancer in adults worldwide. Diagnosis of HCC is often made when the disease is advanced and prognosis is poor.
Jan 30, 2024 · History. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally present with signs and symptoms of advancing cirrhosis, as follows: Pruritus. Jaundice. Splenomegaly. Variceal bleeding....
This guidance provides a data-supported approach to the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of patients diag-nosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A guid-ance document is different from a guideline.
