1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30390E-page 1
PIC16C7X
8-Bit CMOS Microcontrollers with A/D Converter
Devices included in this data sheet:
PIC16C7X Microcontroller Core Features:
High-performance RISC CPU
Only 35 single word instructions to learn
All single cycle instructions except for program
branches which are two cycle
Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input
DC - 200 ns instruction cycle
Up to 8K x 14 words of Program Memory,
up to 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM)
Interrupt capability
Eight level deep hardware stack
Direct, indirect, and relative addressing modes
Power-on Reset (POR)
Power-up Timer (PWRT) and
Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC
oscillator for reliable operation
Programmable code-protection
Power saving SLEEP mode
Selectable oscillator options
Low-power, high-speed CMOS EPROM
technology
Fully static design
PIC16C72
PIC16C74A
PIC16C73
PIC16C76
PIC16C73A
PIC16C77
PIC16C74
Wide operating voltage range: 2.5V to 6.0V
High Sink/Source Current 25/25 mA
Commercial, Industrial and Extended temperature
ranges
Low-power consumption:
< 2 mA @ 5V, 4 MHz
15
A typical @ 3V, 32 kHz
< 1
A typical standby current
PIC16C7X Peripheral Features:
Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler
Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler,
can be incremented during sleep via external
crystal/clock
Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period
register, prescaler and postscaler
Capture, Compare, PWM module(s)
Capture is 16-bit, max. resolution is 12.5 ns,
Compare is 16-bit, max. resolution is 200 ns,
PWM max. resolution is 10-bit
8-bit multichannel analog-to-digital converter
Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with
SPI
TM
and I
2
C
TM
Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter (USART/SCI)
Parallel Slave Port (PSP) 8-bits wide, with
external RD, WR and CS controls
Brown-out detection circuitry for
Brown-out Reset (BOR)
PIC16C7X Features
72
73
73A
74
74A
76
77
Program Memory (EPROM) x 14
2K
4K
4K
4K
4K
8K
8K
Data Memory (Bytes) x 8
128
192
192
192
192
368
368
I/O Pins
22
22
22
33
33
22
33
Parallel Slave Port
--
--
--
Yes
Yes
--
Yes
Capture/Compare/PWM Modules
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
Timer Modules
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
A/D Channels
5
5
5
8
8
5
8
Serial Communication
SPI/I
2
C
SPI/I
2
C,
USART
SPI/I
2
C,
USART
SPI/I
2
C,
USART
SPI/I
2
C,
USART
SPI/I
2
C,
USART
SPI/I
2
C,
USART
In-Circuit Serial Programming
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Brown-out Reset
Yes
--
Yes
--
Yes
Yes
Yes
Interrupt Sources
8
11
11
12
12
11
12
PIC16C7X
DS30390E-page 2
1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
Pin Diagrams
PIC16C72
MCLR/V
PP
RA0/AN0
RA1/AN1
RA2/AN2
RA3/AN3/V
REF
RA4/T0CKI
RA5/SS/AN4
V
SS
OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RC1/T1OSI
RC2/CCP1
RC3/SCK/SCL
RB7
RB6
RB5
RB4
RB3
RB2
RB1
RB0/INT
V
DD
V
SS
RC7
RC6
RC5/SDO
RC4/SDI/SDA
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
SDIP, SOIC, Windowed Side Brazed Ceramic
PIC16C72
MCLR/V
PP
RA0/AN0
RA1/AN1
RA2/AN2
RA3/AN3/V
REF
RA4/T0CKI
RA5/SS/AN4
V
SS
OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RC1/T1OSI
RC2/CCP1
RC3/SCK/SCL
RB7
RB6
RB5
RB4
RB3
RB2
RB1
RB0/INT
V
DD
V
SS
RC7
RC6
RC5/SDO
RC4/SDI/SDA
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
SSOP
PIC16C73
MCLR/V
PP
RA0/AN0
RA1/AN1
RA2/AN2
RA3/AN3/V
REF
RA4/T0CKI
RA5/SS/AN4
V
SS
OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
RC2/CCP1
RC3/SCK/SCL
RB7
RB6
RB5
RB4
RB3
RB2
RB1
RB0/INT
V
DD
V
SS
RC7/RX/DT
RC6/TX/CK
RC5/SDO
RC4/SDI/SDA
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
PIC16C73A
SDIP, SOIC, Windowed Side Brazed Ceramic
PIC16C76
PDIP, Windowed CERDIP
RB7
RB6
RB5
RB4
RB3
RB2
RB1
RB0/INT
V
DD
V
SS
RD7/PSP7
RD6/PSP6
RD5/PSP5
RD4/PSP4
RC7/RX/DT
RC6/TX/CK
RC5/SDO
RC4/SDI/SDA
RD3/PSP3
RD2/PSP2
MCLR/V
PP
RA0/AN0
RA1/AN1
RA2/AN2
RA3/AN3/V
REF
RA4/T0CKI
RA5/SS/AN4
RE0/RD/AN5
RE1/WR/AN6
RE2/CS/AN7
V
DD
V
SS
OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
RC2/CCP1
RC3/SCK/SCL
RD0/PSP0
RD1/PSP1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
PIC16C74
PIC16C74A
PIC16C77
PIC16C7X
DS30390E-page 4
1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
Table of Contents
1.0 General Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.0 PIC16C7X Device Varieties ........................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.0 Architectural Overview ................................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.0 Memory Organization................................................................................................................................................................... 19
5.0 I/O Ports ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 43
6.0 Overview of Timer Modules ......................................................................................................................................................... 57
7.0 Timer0 Module ............................................................................................................................................................................. 59
8.0 Timer1 Module ............................................................................................................................................................................. 65
9.0 Timer2 Module ............................................................................................................................................................................. 69
10.0 Capture/Compare/PWM Module(s).............................................................................................................................................. 71
11.0 Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) Module ....................................................................................................................................... 77
12.0 Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART) ...................................................................................... 99
13.0 Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D) Module ................................................................................................................................. 117
14.0 Special Features of the CPU ..................................................................................................................................................... 129
15.0 Instruction Set Summary............................................................................................................................................................ 147
16.0 Development Support ................................................................................................................................................................ 163
17.0 Electrical Characteristics for PIC16C72 ..................................................................................................................................... 167
18.0 Electrical Characteristics for PIC16C73/74 ................................................................................................................................ 183
19.0 Electrical Characteristics for PIC16C73A/74A ........................................................................................................................... 201
20.0 Electrical Characteristics for PIC16C76/77 ................................................................................................................................ 219
21.0 DC and AC Characteristics Graphs and Tables ........................................................................................................................ 241
22.0 Packaging Information ............................................................................................................................................................... 251
Appendix A:
................................................................................................................................................................................... 263
Appendix B:
Compatibility ............................................................................................................................................................. 263
Appendix C:
What's New............................................................................................................................................................... 264
Appendix D:
What's Changed ....................................................................................................................................................... 264
Appendix E:
PIC16/17 Microcontrollers ....................................................................................................................................... 265
Pin Compatibility ................................................................................................................................................................................ 271
Index .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 273
List of Examples................................................................................................................................................................................. 279
List of Figures..................................................................................................................................................................................... 280
List of Tables...................................................................................................................................................................................... 283
Reader Response .............................................................................................................................................................................. 286
PIC16C7X Product Identification System........................................................................................................................................... 287
For register and module descriptions in this data sheet, device legends show which devices apply to those sections. As
an example, the legend below would mean that the following section applies only to the PIC16C72, PIC16C73A and
PIC16C74A devices.
Applicable Devices
72 73 73A 74 74A 76 77
To Our Valued Customers
We constantly strive to improve the quality of all our products and documentation. We have spent an exceptional
amount of time to ensure that these documents are correct. However, we realize that we may have missed a few
things. If you find any information that is missing or appears in error, please use the reader response form in the
back of this data sheet to inform us. We appreciate your assistance in making this a better document.
1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30390E-page 5
PIC16C7X
1.0
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The PIC16C7X is a family of
low-cost, high-perfor-
mance, CMOS, fully-static, 8-bit microcontrollers with
integrated analog-to-digital (A/D) converters, in the
PIC16CXX mid-range family.
All PIC16/17 microcontrollers employ an advanced
RISC architecture. The PIC16CXX microcontroller fam-
ily has enhanced core features, eight-level deep stack,
and multiple internal and external interrupt sources.
The separate instruction and data buses of the Harvard
architecture allow a 14-bit wide instruction word with
the separate 8-bit wide data. The two stage instruction
pipeline allows all instructions to execute in a single
cycle, except for program branches which require two
cycles. A total of 35 instructions (reduced instruction
set) are available. Additionally, a large register set gives
some of the architectural innovations used to achieve a
very high performance.
PIC16CXX microcontrollers typically achieve a 2:1
code compression and a 4:1 speed improvement over
other 8-bit microcontrollers in their class.
The
PIC16C72
has 128 bytes of RAM and 22 I/O pins.
In addition several peripheral features are available
including: three timer/counters, one Capture/Compare/
PWM module and one serial port. The Synchronous
Serial Port can be configured as either a 3-wire Serial
Peripheral Interface (SPI) or the two-wire Inter-Inte-
grated Circuit (I
2
C) bus. Also a 5-channel high-speed
8-bit A/D is provided. The 8-bit resolution is ideally
suited for applications requiring low-cost analog inter-
face, e.g. thermostat control, pressure sensing, etc.
The
PIC16C73/73A
devices have 192 bytes of RAM,
while the
PIC16C76
has 368 byes of RAM. Each device
has 22 I/O pins. In addition, several peripheral features
are available including: three timer/counters, two Cap-
ture/Compare/PWM modules and two serial ports. The
Synchronous Serial Port can be configured as either a
3-wire Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) or the two-wire
Inter-Integrated Circuit (I
2
C) bus. The Universal Syn-
chronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
(USART) is also known as the Serial Communications
Interface or SCI. Also a 5-channel high-speed 8-bit A/
D is provided.The 8-bit resolution is ideally suited for
applications requiring low-cost analog interface, e.g.
thermostat control, pressure sensing, etc.
The
PIC16C74/74A
devices have 192 bytes of RAM,
while the
PIC16C77
has 368 bytes of RAM. Each
device has 33 I/O pins. In addition several peripheral
features are available including: three timer/counters,
two Capture/Compare/PWM modules and two serial
ports. The Synchronous Serial Port can be configured
as either a 3-wire Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) or
the two-wire Inter-Integrated Circuit (I
2
C) bus. The Uni-
versal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmit-
ter (USART) is also known as the Serial
Communications Interface or SCI. An 8-bit Parallel
Slave Port is provided. Also an 8-channel high-speed
8-bit A/D is provided. The 8-bit resolution is ideally
suited for applications requiring low-cost analog inter-
face, e.g. thermostat control, pressure sensing, etc.
The PIC16C7X family has special features to reduce
external components, thus reducing cost, enhancing
system reliability and reducing power consumption.
There are four oscillator options, of which the single pin
RC oscillator provides a low-cost solution, the LP oscil-
lator minimizes power consumption, XT is a standard
crystal, and the HS is for High Speed crystals. The
SLEEP (power-down) feature provides a power saving
mode. The user can wake up the chip from SLEEP
through several external and internal interrupts and
resets.
A highly reliable Watchdog Timer with its own on-chip
RC oscillator provides protection against software lock-
up.
A UV erasable CERDIP packaged version is ideal for
code development while the cost-effective One-Time-
Programmable (OTP) version is suitable for production
in any volume.
The PIC16C7X family fits perfectly in applications rang-
ing from security and remote sensors to appliance con-
trol and automotive. The EPROM technology makes
customization of application programs (transmitter
codes, motor speeds, receiver frequencies, etc.)
extremely fast and convenient. The small footprint
packages make this microcontroller series perfect for
all applications with space limitations. Low cost, low
power, high performance, ease of use and I/O flexibility
make the PIC16C7X very versatile even in areas where
no microcontroller use has been considered before
(e.g. timer functions, serial communication, capture
and compare, PWM functions and coprocessor appli-
cations).
1.1
Family and Upward Compatibility
Users familiar with the PIC16C5X microcontroller fam-
ily will realize that this is an enhanced version of the
PIC16C5X architecture. Please refer to Appendix A for
a detailed list of enhancements. Code written for the
PIC16C5X can be easily ported to the PIC16CXX fam-
ily of devices (Appendix B).
1.2
Development Support
PIC16C7X devices are supported by the complete line
of Microchip Development tools.
Please refer to Section 16.0 for more details about
Microchip's development tools.
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