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MLT04

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

18-Lead Epoxy DIP (P Suffix)

18-Lead Wide Body SOIC (S Suffix)

REV. B

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The MLT04 is a complete, four-channel, voltage output analog
multiplier packaged in an 18-pin DIP or SOIC-18. These complete
multipliers are ideal for general purpose applications such as voltage
controlled amplifiers, variable active filters, "zipper" noise free
audio level adjustment, and automatic gain control. Other applica-
tions include cost-effective multiple-channel power calculations
(I

V), polynomial correction generation, and low frequency

modulation. The MLT04 multiplier is ideally suited for generating
complex, high-order waveforms especially suitable for geometry
correction in high-resolution CRT display systems.

FEATURES
Four Independent Channels
Voltage IN, Voltage OUT
No External Parts Required
8 MHz Bandwidth
Four-Quadrant Multiplication
Voltage Output; W = (X

Y)/2.5 V

0.2% Typical Linearity Error on X or Y Inputs

Excellent Temperature Stability: 0.005%

2.5 V Analog Input Range

Operates from

5 V Supplies

Low Power Dissipation: 150 mW typ
Spice Model Available

APPLICATIONS
Geometry Correction in High-Resolution CRT Displays
Waveform Modulation & Generation
Voltage Controlled Amplifiers
Automatic Gain Control
Modulation and Demodulation

Fabricated in a complementary bipolar process, the MLT04
includes four 4-quadrant multiplying cells which have been laser-
trimmed for accuracy. A precision internal bandgap reference
normalizes signal computation to a 0.4 scale factor. Drift over
temperature is under 0.005%/

C. Spot noise voltage of 0.3

results in a THD + Noise performance of 0.02% (LPF = 22 kHz)
for the lower distortion Y channel. The four 8 MHz channels
consume a total of 150 mW of quiescent power.

The MLT04 is available in 18-pin plastic DIP, and SOIC-18
surface mount packages. All parts are offered in the extended
industrial temperature range (40

C to +85

C).

Figure 2. THD + Noise vs. Frequency

Figure 1. Gain & Phase vs. Frequency Response

100

0.01

100

100k

10k

0.1

FREQUENCY Hz

THD + NOISE %

= +5V

= 5V

= +25°C

THDX: X = 2.5VP, Y = +2.5V DC

THDY: Y = 2.5VP, X = +2.5V DC

LPF = 500kHz

MLT-04

MLT04

GND4

GND3

GND1

GND2

W = (X

Y)/2.5V

Av GAIN dB

10k

100M

10M

100k

40

20

FREQUENCY Hz

90

Ø Phase Degrees

= +5V

= 5V

= +25

X & Y MEASUREMENTS
SUPERIMPOSED:
X = 100mV RMS, Y = 2.5V DC
Y = 100mV RMS, X = 2.5V DC

Av (X OR Y)

Ø (X OR Y)

8.9MHz
3dB

One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood. MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 617/329-4700

Fax: 617/326-8703

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties
which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or
otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.

Four-Channel, Four-Quadrant

Analog Multiplier

ORDERING INFORMATION*

Temperature

Package

Model

Range

Description

Option

MLT04GP

C to +85

18-Pin P-DIP

N-18

MLT04GS

C to +85

18-Lead SOIC SOL-18

MLT04GS-REEL

C to +85

18-Lead SOIC SOL-18

MLT04GBC

+25

Die

*For die specifications contact your local Analog sales office. The MLT04

contains 211 transistors.

= +5 V, V

= 5 V, V

2.5 V

, R

= 2 k

, T

= +25

C unless otherwise noted.)

MLT04SPECIFICATIONS

Parameter

Symbol

Conditions

Min

Typ

Max

Units

MULTIPLIER PERFORMANCE

Total Error

2.5 V < X < +2.5 V, Y = +2.5 V

% FS

Total Error

2.5 V < Y < +2.5 V, X = +2.5 V

% FS

Linearity Error

2.5 V < X < +2.5 V, Y = +2.5 V

0.2

% FS

Linearity Error

2.5 V < Y < +2.5 V, X = +2.5 V

0.2

% FS

Total Error Drift

TCE

X = 2.5 V, Y = 2.5 V, T

= 40

C to +85

0.005

Total Error Drift

TCE

Y = 2.5 V, X = 2.5 V, T

= 40

C to +85

0.005

Scale Factor

X =

2.5 V, Y =

2.5 V, T

= 40

C to +85

0.38

0.40

0.42

1/V

Output Offset Voltage

X = 0 V, Y = 0 V, T

= 40

C to +85

Output Offset Drift

TCZ

X = 0 V, Y = 0 V, T

= 40

C to +85

Offset Voltage, X

X = 0 V, Y =

2.5 V, T

= 40

C to +85

10.5

Offset Voltage, Y

Y = 0 V, X =

2.5 V, T

= 40

C to +85

10.5

DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE

Small Signal Bandwidth

OUT

= 0.1 V rms

MHz

Slew Rate

OUT

2.5 V

Settling Time

OUT

2.5 V to 1% Error Band

AC Feedthrough

X = 0 V, Y = 1 V rms @ f = 100 kHz

Crosstalk @ 100 kHz

X = Y = 1 V rms Applied to Adjacent Channel

OUTPUTS

Audio Band Noise

f = 10 Hz to 50 kHz

V rms

Wide Band Noise

Noise BW = 1.9 MHz

380

V rms

Spot Noise Voltage

f = 1 kHz

0.3

Total Harmonic Distortion

THD

f = 1 kHz, LPF = 22 kHz, Y = 2.5 V

0.1

THD

f = 1 kHz, LPF = 22 kHz, X = 2.5 V

0.02

Open Loop Output Resistance

OUT

Voltage Swing

= +5 V, V

= 5 V

3.0

3.3

Short Circuit Current

INPUTS

Analog Input Range

IVR

GND = 0 V

2.5

+2.5

Bias Current

X = Y = 0 V

2.3

Resistance

Capacitance

SQUARE PERFORMANCE

Total Square Error

X = Y = 1

% FS

POWER SUPPLIES

Positive Current

= 5.25 V, V

= 5.25 V

Negative Current

= 5.25 V, V

= 5.25 V

Power Dissipation

DISS

Calculated = 5 V

+ 5 V

150

200

Supply Sensitivity

PSSR

X = Y = 0 V, V

5% or V

mV/V

Supply Voltage Range

RANGE

For V

& V

4.75

5.25

REV. B

NOTES

Specifications apply to all four multipliers.

Error is measured as a percent of the

2.5 V full scale, i.e., 1% FS = 25 mV.

Scale Factor K is an internally set constant in the multiplier transfer equation W = K

Specifications subject to change without notice.

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
Supply Voltages V

, V

to GND

7 V

Inputs X

, Y

, V

Outputs W

, V

Operating Temperature Range

C to +85

Maximum Junction Temperature (T

max)

+150

Storage Temperature

C to +150

Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)

+300

Package Power Dissipation

maxT

Thermal Resistance

PDIP-18 (N-18)

C/W

SOIC-18 (SOL-18)

C/W

*Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause perma-

nent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of
the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification are not implied.

REV. B

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The MLT04 is a low cost quad, 4-quadrant analog multiplier with
single-ended voltage inputs and voltage outputs. The functional
block diagram for each of the multipliers is illustrated in Figure 3.
Due to packaging constraints, access to internal nodes for externally
adjusting scale factor, output offset voltage, or additional summing
signals is not provided.

Figure 3. Functional Block Diagram of Each MLT04
Multiplier

Each of the MLT04's analog multipliers is based on a Gilbert cell
multiplier configuration, a 1.23 V bandgap reference, and a unity-
connected output amplifier. Multiplier scale factor is determined
through a differential pair/trimmable resistor network external to
the core. An equivalent circuit for each of the multipliers is shown
in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Equivalent Circuit for the MLT04

Details of each multiplier's output-stage amplifier are shown in
Figure 5. The output stages idles at 200

A, and the resistors in

series with the emitters of the output stage are 25

. The output

stage can drive load capacitances up to 500 pF without oscillation.
For loads greater than 500 pF, the outputs of the MLT04 should
be isolated from the load capacitance with a 100

resistor.

Figure 5. Equivalent Circuit for MLT04 Output Stages

ANALOG MULTIPLIER ERROR SOURCES
Multiplier errors consist primarily of input and output offsets, scale
factor errors, and nonlinearity in the multiplying core. An expres-
sion for the output of a real analog multiplier is given by:

( K

K ){(V

)(V

)

f ( X , Y )}

where:

Multiplier Scale Factor

Scale Factor Error

X-Input Signal

X-Input Offset Voltage

Y-Input Signal

Y-Input Offset Voltage

Multiplier Output Offset Voltage

(X, Y) =

Nonlinearity

Executing the algebra to simplify the above expression yields
expressions for all the errors in an analog multiplier:

Term

Description

Dependence on Input

True Product

Goes to Zero As Either or
Both Inputs Go to Zero

Scale-Factor Error

Goes to Zero at V

, V

= 0

Linear "X" Feedthrough

Proportional to V

Due to Y-Input Offset

Linear "Y" Feedthrough

Proportional to V

Due to X-Input Offset

Output Offset Due to X-,

Independent of V

, V

Y-Input Offsets

Output Offset

Independent of V

, V

(X, Y)

Nonlinearity

Depends on Both V

, V

Contains Terms Dependent
on V

, V

, Their Powers

and Cross Products

As shown in the table, the primary static errors in an analog
multiplier are input offset voltages, output offset voltage, scale
factor, and nonlinearity. Of the four sources of error, only two are
externally trimmable in the MLT04: the X- and Y-input offset
voltages. Output offset voltage in the MLT04 is factory-trimmed to

50 mV, and the scale factor is internally adjusted to

2.5% of full

scale. Input offset voltage errors can be eliminated by using the
optional trim circuit of Figure 6. This scheme then reduces the net
error to output offset, scale-factor (gain) error, and an irreducible
nonlinearity component in the multiplying core.

Figure 6. Optional Offset Voltage Trim Configuration

MLT04

W
OUT

INTERNAL

BIAS

GND

W
OUT

22k

200µA

22k

200µA

SCALE
FACTOR

50k

±100mV
FOR X

, Y

TRIM

CONNECT TO SUM
NODE OF AN EXT OP AMP

0.4

X1, X2, X3, X4

G1, G2, G3, G4

Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4

W1, W2, W3, W4

MLT04

Figure 12. Y-Input Nonlinearity @ X = 2.5 V

Feedthrough
In the ideal case, the output of the multiplier should be zero if
either input is zero. In reality, some portion of the nonzero input
will "feedthrough" the multiplier and appear at the output. This is
caused by the product of the nonzero input and the offset voltage of
the "zero" input. Introducing an offset equal to and opposite of the
"zero" input offset voltage will null the linear component of the
feedthrough. Residual feedthrough at the output of the multiplier
is then irreducible core nonlinearity.

Typical X- and Y-input feedthrough curves for the MLT04 are
shown in Figures 7 and 8, respectively. These curves illustrate
MLT04 feedthrough after "zero" input offset voltage trim.
Residual X-input feedthrough measures 0.08% of full scale,
whereas residual Y-input feedthrough is almost immeasurable.

Figure 7. X-Input Feedthrough with Y

Nulled

Figure 8. Y-Input Feedthrough with X

Nulled

Nonlinearity
Multiplier core nonlinearity is the irreducible component of error.
It is the difference between actual performance and "best-straight-
line" theoretical output, for all pairs of input values. It is expressed
as a percentage of full scale with all other dc errors nulled. Typical
X- and Y-input nonlinearities for the MLT04 are shown in Figures
9 through 12. Worst-case X-input nonlinearity measured less than
0.2%, and Y-input nonlinearity measured better than 0.06%. For
modulator/demodulator or mixer applications it is, therefore,
recommended that the carrier be connected to the X-input while
the signal is applied to the Y-input.

REV. B

Figure 10. X-Input Nonlinearity @ Y = 2.5 V

Figure 11. Y-Input Nonlinearity @ X = +2.5 V

MLT04

Figure 9. X-Input Nonlinearity @ Y = +2.5 V

100

VERTICAL 5mV/DIV

HORIZONTAL 0.5V/DIV

Y-INPUT: ±2.5V @ 10Hz
X

NULLED

= +25°C

100

VERTICAL 5mV/DIV

HORIZONTAL 0.5V/DIV

X-INPUT: ±2.5V @ 10Hz
Y-INPUT: +2.5V
Y

NULLED

= +25°C

100

VERTICAL 5mV/DIV

HORIZONTAL 0.5V/DIV

X-INPUT: ±2.5V @ 10Hz
Y

NULLED

= +25°C

100

VERTICAL 5mV/DIV

HORIZONTAL 0.5V/DIV

X-INPUT: ±2.5V @ 10Hz
Y-INPUT: 2.5V
Y

NULLED

= +25°C

100

VERTICAL 5mV/DIV

HORIZONTAL 0.5V/DIV

Y-INPUT: ±2.5V @ 10Hz
X-INPUT: +2.5V
X

NULLED

= +25°C

100

VERTICAL 5mV/DIV

HORIZONTAL 0.5V/DIV

Y-INPUT: ±2.5V @ 10Hz
X-INPUT: 2.5V
X

NULLED

= +25°C

Typical Performance Characteristics MLT04

REV. B

Figure 16. X-Input Gain and Phase vs. Frequency

Figure 17. Y-Input Gain and Phase vs. Frequency

Figure 18. Amplitude Response vs. Capacitive Load

Figure 15. Noise Density vs. Frequency

10000

1000

100

NOISE DENSITY nV/

FREQUENCY Hz

100

100k

10k

= ±5V

= +25

10k

100k

10M

12

180

90

135

45

135

180

= +25

= ±5V

= 100mV

= +2.5V

GAIN

PHASE

PHASE = 68.3

@ 7.142 MHz

FREQUENCY Hz

GAIN

dB

PHASE Degrees

FREQUENCY Hz

10k

100M

10M

100k

12

10

AV GAIN dB

= 320pF

= 560pF

= 220pF

NO C

= 100pF

= ±5V

= 2k

= +25°C

Figure 13. Broadband Noise

OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE 100µV/DIV

TIME = 10ms/DIV

NBW = 10Hz 50kHz
T

= +25°C

100

Figure 14. Broadband Noise

OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE 625µV/DIV

TIME = 10ms/DIV

NBW = 1.9MHz
T

= +25°C

100

10k

100k

10M

12

180

90

135

45

135

180

= +25

= +2.5V

= 100mV

GAIN

PHASE

PHASE = 68.1

@ 8.064 MHz

FREQUENCY Hz

GAIN

dB

PHASE D

egrees

Part Number MLT04